CVS Howto

   telnet proxy.eclipse.org 443 

   telnet proxy.eclipse.org 80  

   bash-3.00$ telnet proxy.eclipse.org 80
   Trying 206.191.52.48...
   Connected to proxy.eclipse.org.
   Escape character is '^]'.

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public class UserSession {
	private Integer number = 0;
	private static UserSession instance = new UserSession();
	public static getInstance() {
		return instance ;
	}
	public Integer getNumber() {
		this.number++; // 取一次值，就++
		return this.number;
	}
}

public class UserSession extends SessionSingletonBase {
	private Integer number = 0; // 只是一个简单的针对单个用户的计数器

        // User currentUser;  你需要的也许是这样有意义的属性
        // Date loginTime;	

	private UserSession() { }

	public static UserSession getInstance() {
		return (UserSession) SessionSingletonBase.getInstance(UserSession.class);
	}
	
	public Integer getNumber() {
		this.number++; // 取一次值，就++. 当然，你也可以改成一个setNumber方法。
		return this.number;
	}
}

public static UserSession getInstance() {
	return (UserSession) SessionSingletonBase.getInstance(UserSession.class);
}

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by http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javaqa/2000-05/03-qa-0526-pass.html

Does Java pass by reference or pass by value?
Why can't you swap in Java?
By Tony Sintes, JavaWorld.com, 05/26/00
Q:If Java uses the pass-by reference, why won't a swap function work?
A:Your question demonstrates a common error made by Java language newcomers. Indeed, even seasoned veterans find it difficult to keep the terms straight.

Java does manipulate objects by reference, and all object variables are references. However, Java doesn't pass method arguments by reference; it passes them by value.

Take the badSwap() method for example:

 public void badSwap(int var1, int var2)
{
  int temp = var1;
  var1 = var2;
  var2 = temp;
}

When badSwap() returns, the variables passed as arguments will still hold their original values. The method will also fail if we change the arguments type from int to Object, since Java passes object references by value as well. Now, here is where it gets tricky:

 public void tricky(Point arg1, Point arg2)
{
  arg1.x = 100;
  arg1.y = 100;
  Point temp = arg1;
  arg1 = arg2;
  arg2 = temp;
}
public static void main(String [] args)
{
  Point pnt1 = new Point(0,0);
  Point pnt2 = new Point(0,0);
  System.out.println("X: " + pnt1.x + " Y: " +pnt1.y); 
  System.out.println("X: " + pnt2.x + " Y: " +pnt2.y);
  System.out.println(" ");
  tricky(pnt1,pnt2);
  System.out.println("X: " + pnt1.x + " Y:" + pnt1.y); 
  System.out.println("X: " + pnt2.x + " Y: " +pnt2.y);  
}

                   

 If we execute this main() method, we see the following output:

 X: 0 Y: 0
X: 0 Y: 0
X: 100 Y: 100
X: 0 Y: 0

 The method successfully alters the value of pnt1, even though it is passed by value; however, a swap of pnt1 and pnt2 fails! This is the major source of confusion. In the main() method, pnt1 and pnt2 are nothing more than object references. When you pass pnt1 and pnt2 to the tricky() method, Java passes the references by value just like any other parameter. This means the references passed to the method are actually copies of the original references. Figure 1 below shows two references pointing to the same object after Java passes an object to a method.
 

Figure 1. After being passed to a method, an object will have at least two references

Java copies and passes the reference by value, not the object. Thus, method manipulation will alter the objects, since the references point to the original objects. But since the references are copies, swaps will fail. As Figure 2 illustrates, the method references swap, but not the original references. Unfortunately, after a method call, you are left with only the unswapped original references. For a swap to succeed outside of the method call, we need to swap the original references, not the copies.

Figure 2. Only the method references are swapped, not the original ones

Author Bio

Tony Sintes is a principal consultant at BroadVision. Tony, a Sun-certified Java 1.1 programmer and Java 2 developer, has worked with Java since 1997.O'Reilly's Java in a Nutshell by David Flanagan (see Resources) puts it best: "Java manipulates objects 'by reference,' but it passes object references to methods 'by value.'" As a result, you cannot write a standard swap method to swap objects.

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I get a DanglingHREFException: e.g., "org.eclipse.emf.ecore.xmi.DanglingHREFException: The object 'com.example.Foo@2f5dda ()' is not contained in a resource." What do I need to do?

All objects need to be contained by a resource in order to be serialized. That implies that for EObject x to be serialized, it must be the case that x.eResource() != null. The resource will be non-null if either x is directly contained by a resource, i.e., if for Resource r, r.getContents().contains(x), or if x has a container that in turn is contained by a resource, i.e., if for Resource r, r.getContents().contains(x.eContainer()). This definition is recursive. So an object must be contained by a resource directly, or indirectly by virtue of being part of a containment reference where, recursively, the container too must be contained by a resource.

So if you get the above exception, that means you have some object x contained by a resource r that refers to another object y, that is not directly or indirectly contained by any resource. It's possible to make the EReference feature used by x to refer to y be transient, so that it's not saved at all, or to make it a containment reference, so that y is contained by the same resource as x, but barring changes to the Ecore model itself, the one and only way to solve this problem is to add y to some resource, i.e., r.getContents().add(y), or to add/set it to some containment reference of an object z, i.e., z.getYs().add(y), where z is already contained by a resource, i.e., z.eResource() != null

转自：http://wiki.eclipse.org/index.php/EMF-FAQ#I_get_a_DanglingHREFException:_e.g..2C_.22org.eclipse.emf.ecore.xmi.DanglingHREFException:_The_object_.27com.example.Foo.402f5dda_.28.29.27_is_not_contained_in_a_resource..22_What_do_I_need_to_do.3F

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转自EclipseFAQ

Since 3.3 you can use the new EFS support to open an text editor on a file store that's backed by any kind of EFS using IDE.openEditorOnFileStore(page, fileStore).

Most editors will accept as input either an IFileEditorInput or an IStorageEditorInput. The former can be used only for opening files in the workspace, but the latter can be used to open a stream of bytes from anywhere. If you want to open a file on a database object, remote file, or other data source, IStorage is the way to go. The only downside is that this is a read-only input type, so you can use it only for viewing a file, not editing it. To use this approach, implement IStorage so that it returns the bytes for the file you want to display. Here is an IStorage that returns the contents of a string:

 
  class StringStorage extends PlatformObject 
    implements IStorage ...{
      private String string;
      StringStorage(String input) ...{this.string = input;}
      public InputStream getContents() throws CoreException ...{
         return new ByteArrayInputStream(string.getBytes());
      }
      public IPath getFullPath() ...{return null;}
      public String getName() ...{
         int len = Math.min(5, string.length());
         return string.substring(0, len).concat("...");
      }
      public boolean isReadOnly() ...{return true;}
   }

The class extends PlatformObject to inherit the standard implementation of IAdaptable, which IStorage extends. The getName and getFullPath methods can return null if they are not needed. In this case, we've implemented getName to return the first five characters of the string.

The next step is to create an IStorageEditorInput implementation that returns your IStorage object:

   class StringInput extends PlatformObject 
    implements IStorageEditorInput ...{
      private IStorage storage;
      StringInput(IStorage storage) ...{this.storage = storage;}
      public boolean exists() ...{return true;}
      public ImageDescriptor getImageDescriptor() ...{return null;}
      public String getName() ...{
         return storage.getName();
      }
      public IPersistableElement getPersistable() ...{return null;}
      public IStorage getStorage() ...{
         return storage;
      }
      public String getToolTipText() ...{
         return "String-based file: " + storage.getName();
      }
   }

Again, many of the methods here are optional. The getPersistable method is used for implementing persistence of your editor input, so the platform can automatically restore your editor on start-up. Here, we've implemented the bare essentials: the editor name, and a tool tip.

The final step is to open an editor with this input. This snippet opens the platform's default text editor on a given string:

   IWorkbenchWindow window = ...;
   String string = "This is the text file contents";
   IStorage storage = new StringStorage(string);
   IStorageEditorInput input = new StringInput(storage);
   IWorkbenchPage page = window.getActivePage();
   if (page != null)
      page.openEditor(input, "org.eclipse.ui.DefaultTextEditor");

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GMF Labels

From Eclipsepedia

Labels represent pieces of text possibly associated with icons on diagram surface. Text may be edited using inplace facility. There are many possibilities to construct labels but all of them are grouped in four usecases:

1. "feature based label"

Label is always defined in context of a diagram node or a link. If it's based on EClass from domain model then label may be used to represent attribute(s) of this class. Tooling will generate code that constructs label text and converts user input to the new value for attribute(s).

2. "design label"

It may be desirable to have a label that is not stored in domain model. Tooling may generate code that will use notation style (DescriptionStyle for example) to store label text in notation model.

3. "default label"

This is a read-only label with fixed text.

4. "custom label"

GMF runtime defines IParser interface that is responsible to provide label text and editing support. In this usecase toolsmith is supposed to provide his own IParser implementation.

Graphical Definition

The only possible label figure is Label. In generated diagram editor the actual figure may be Label from Draw2D or WrapLabel from GMF runtime. Attribute "text" of the figure is a text shown on diagram when parser is not available.

Position of label figure within the model is important; it's used to determine whether label should be inner or external. Link labels are always external but node labels may be located whether inside node figure or "float" near it. If label figure is contained within parent node figure (directly or indirectly) it's inner label.

DiagramLabel element refers to the label figure and is being referenced by LabelMapping from mapping models. If "elementIcon" attribute is set then label uses icon from EMF item providers. The following visual facets are recognized by tooling in DiagramLabel:

Mapping

LabelMapping and its subclasses define label within the mapping model.

Basic LabelMapping instance supports 3^rd and 4^th usecases. It has "diagramLabel" reference to graphical definition and "readOnly" flag.

FeatureLabelMapping extends LabelMapping to support 1^st usecase by referencing domain attributes and providing format options:

• "features" reference: at least one attribute from domain model; all attributes should be defined within EClass of parent node / link
• "viewPattern": pattern to construct label text from feature value(s)
• "editorPattern": pattern to construct text for inplace editor from feature value(s)
• "editPattern": pattern to parse text entered by user in new feature value(s)
• "viewMethod": method to produce text from feature value(s) by pattern; used with "viewPattern" and "editorPattern"
• "editMethod": method to parse text entered by user in new feature value(s); used with "editPattern"

Currently supported methods are:

• MESSAGE_FORMAT uses java.text.MessageFormat class
• NATIVE only one attribute should be specified; calls EcoreUtil.convertToString(...) / EcoreUtil.createFromString(...) methods
• REGEXP calls String.split(...) method
• PRINTF calls String.format(...) method

DesignLabelMapping is a LabelMapping flavour to handle 2^nd usecase. Now it's empty but there should be a way to define view style used to store label text in notation model [1].

Generator Model

Two hierarchies describe labels in generator model: descendants of GenLabel used to express label presentation in context of parent node / link and descendants of LabelModelFacet that denote label semantic. GenLabel references LabelModelFacet by "modelFacet" reference thus linking them together.

GenLabel

Basic GenLabel has "elementIcon" flag copied from graphical definition and "readOnly" flag from the mapping model. GenNodeLabel and GenExternalNodeLabel are concrete classes that should be used to represent inner and external node labels respectively. GenLinkLabel is for the link labels and has "alignment" attribute derived from respective visual facet. GenChildLabelNode provides the same attributes as GenLabel but prefixed with "label" word; this class is used for nodes within list compartments.

LabelModelFacet

Model facet reflects label usecase:

• "feature label": FeatureLabelModelFacet instance; properties "features", "viewPattern" and "editPattern" are taken from FeatureLabelMapping
• "design label": DesignLabelModelFacet instance
• "default label" and "custom label": no model facet (null)

In fact during mapping model to generator model transformation the following rules are obeyed:

• FeatureLabelMapping -> FeatureLabelModelFacet
• DesignLabelMapping -> DesignLabelModelFacet
• LabelMapping -> null

Pending Requests

This is a list of enhancements related to GMF labels; hopefully future versions of GMF will implement them:

• Support "design" labels for nodes backed up with domain element
• Allow to define labels based on attributes of referenced objects
• Allow to specify notation style for design label mapping
• It should be possible to specify whether empty string should be written in domain model when user provides emty string for the label
• Provide user feedback when invalid value is provided for the diagram label via direct editing
• Generate resizable labels (optionally)

原文地址：http://wiki.eclipse.org/GMF_Labels

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-vmargs -Xms128M -Xmx512M -XX:PermSize=64M -XX:MaxPermSize=128M
这里有几个问题：
1. 各个参数的含义什么？
2. 为什么有的机器我将-Xmx和-XX:MaxPermSize都设置为512M之后Eclipse可以启动，而有些机器无法启动？
3. 为何将上面的参数写入到eclipse.ini文件Eclipse没有执行对应的设置？

下面我们一一进行回答

1. 各个参数的含义什么？

参数中-vmargs的意思是设置JVM参数，所以后面的其实都是JVM的参数了，我们首先了解一下JVM内存管理的机制，然后再解释每个参数代表的含义。

堆(Heap)和非堆(Non-heap)内存
按照官方的说法：“Java 虚拟机具有一个堆，堆是运行时数据区域，所有类实例和数组的内存均从此处分配。堆是在 Java 虚拟机启动时创建的。”“在JVM中堆之外的内存称为非堆内存(Non-heap memory)”。可以看出JVM主要管理两种类型的内存：堆和非堆。简单来说堆就是Java代码可及的内存，是留给开发人员使用的；非堆就是JVM留给自己用的，所以方法区、JVM内部处理或优化所需的内存(如JIT编译后的代码缓存)、每个类结构(如运行时常数池、字段和方法数据)以及方法和构造方法的代码都在非堆内存中。
堆内存分配
JVM初始分配的内存由-Xms指定，默认是物理内存的1/64；JVM最大分配的内存由-Xmx 指定，默认是物理内存的1/4。默认空余堆内存小于40%时，JVM就会增大堆直到-Xmx的最大限制；空余堆内存大于70%时，JVM会减少堆直到- Xms的最小限制。因此服务器一般设置-Xms、-Xmx相等以避免在每次GC 后调整堆的大小。
非堆内存分配
JVM使用-XX:PermSize设置非堆内存初始值，默认是物理内存的1/64；由XX:MaxPermSize设置最大非堆内存的大小，默认是物理内存的1/4。
JVM内存限制(最大值)
首先JVM内存限制于实际的最大物理内存(废话！呵呵)，假设物理内存无限大的话，JVM内存的最大值跟操作系统有很大的关系。简单的说就32位处理器虽然可控内存空间有4GB,但是具体的操作系统会给一个限制，这个限制一般是2GB-3GB（一般来说Windows系统下为1.5G-2G，Linux系统下为2G-3G），而64bit以上的处理器就不会有限制了。
2. 为什么有的机器我将-Xmx和-XX:MaxPermSize都设置为512M之后Eclipse可以启动，而有些机器无法启动？

通过上面对JVM内存管理的介绍我们已经了解到JVM内存包含两种：堆内存和非堆内存，另外JVM最大内存首先取决于实际的物理内存和操作系统。所以说设置VM参数导致程序无法启动主要有以下几种原因：

1) 参数中-Xms的值大于-Xmx，或者-XX:PermSize的值大于-XX:MaxPermSize；

2) -Xmx的值和-XX:MaxPermSize的总和超过了JVM内存的最大限制，比如当前操作系统最大内存限制，或者实际的物理内存等等。说到实际物理内存这里需要说明一点的是，如果你的内存是1024MB，但实际系统中用到的并不可能是1024MB，因为有一部分被硬件占用了。

3. 为何将上面的参数写入到eclipse.ini文件Eclipse没有执行对应的设置？

那为什么同样的参数在快捷方式或者命令行中有效而在eclipse.ini文件中是无效的呢？这是因为我们没有遵守eclipse.ini文件的设置规则：

参数形如“项 值”这种形式，中间有空格的需要换行书写，如果值中有空格的需要用双引号包括起来。比如我们使用-vm C:\Java\jre1.6.0\bin\javaw.exe参数设置虚拟机，在eclipse.ini文件中要写成这样：

-vm
C:\Java\jre1.6.0\bin\javaw.exe
按照上面所说的，最后参数在eclipse.ini中可以写成这个样子：

-vmargs
-Xms128M
-Xmx512M
-XX:PermSize=64M
-XX:MaxPermSize=128M
实际运行的结果可以通过Eclipse中“Help”-“About Eclipse SDK”窗口里面的“Configuration Details”按钮进行查看。

另外需要说明的是，Eclipse压缩包中自带的eclipse.ini文件内容是这样的：

-showsplash
org.eclipse.platform
--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
256m
-vmargs
-Xms40m
-Xmx256m
其中–launcher.XXMaxPermSize（注意最前面是两个连接线）跟-XX:MaxPermSize参数的含义基本是一样的，我觉得唯一的区别就是前者是eclipse.exe启动的时候设置的参数，而后者是eclipse所使用的JVM中的参数。其实二者设置一个就可以了，所以这里可以把 –launcher.XXMaxPermSize和下一行使用#注释掉。

3. 其他的启动参数。 如果你有一个双核的CPU，也许可以尝试这个参数:

-XX:+UseParallelGC

让GC可以更快的执行。（只是JDK 5里对GC新增加的参数）

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1.为不对应模型的链接添加标签的方式。

在gmfGraph里：
   a.首先新建一个Figure descriptor(取名ConnectionLabelFigure),并添加一个child label，设置其默认Text。
   b.新建一个DiagramLabel(取名ConnectionDiagramLabel)；在这个节点下，可以添加AlignmentFacet和LabelOffsetFacet控制Label和Link的相对位置。
在gmfMap里：
   c.找到原来定义的LinkMaping节点，在下面新建一个Desing Label Maping，选择b步骤中定义的DiagramLabel作为其DiagramLabel，设置其ReadOnly属性为true。（根据你的需求可选）

其他GMF常见问题，比如可拖放的多边形等，参考八进制博客。

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ObjectContainer db = Db4o.openFile("context.yap");

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        @Override
	public Object getEditableValue() {
		//返回模型自身作为可编辑的属性
		return this;
	}

@Override
  	public IPropertyDescriptor[] getPropertyDescriptors() {

		IPropertyDescriptor[] descriptors = new IPropertyDescriptor[] { 
				new TextPropertyDescriptor(P_TEXT, "Name"),
				new ComboBoxPropertyDescriptor(P_TYPE, "Type", new String[] { "True"，"False"}),
				
		};
		return descriptors;

	}

@Override
	public Object getPropertyValue(Object id) {
		if(id.equals(P_TEXT)) {
			
			return this.getName();
			
		} else if(id.equals(P_TYPE)) {
			
			return this.getType().equals("Real") ? new Integer(0) : new Integer(1);
	
		} 
		return null;
	}

new ComboBoxPropertyDescriptor(P_TYPE, "Type", new String[] { "True"，"False"}),

       @Override
	public boolean isPropertySet(Object id) {
		return true;
	}

@Override
	public void setPropertyValue(Object id, Object value) {
		
		if(id.equals(P_TEXT)) {
			
			this.setName(value.toString());
			
		} else if(id.equals(P_TYPE)) {
			
			this.setType(((Integer)value).equals(new Integer(0)) ? "Real" : "Integer");
			
		}
		
	}

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Caused by: java.lang.InstantiationException: b.Activator
	at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:335)
	at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:303)
	at org.eclipse.osgi.framework.internal.core.AbstractBundle.loadBundleActivator(AbstractBundle.java:136)
	... 14 more

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public class ApplicationActionBarAdvisor extends ActionBarAdvisor {

    // Actions - important to allocate these only in makeActions, and then use them
    // in the fill methods.  This ensures that the actions aren't recreated
    // when fillActionBars is called with FILL_PROXY.
    private IWorkbenchAction exitAction;
    private IWorkbenchAction aboutAction;
    private IWorkbenchAction newWindowAction;
    private OpenViewAction openViewAction;
    private Action messagePopupAction;
    
	private IAction helpContentAction = null;	  //帮助,此处添加三个Action用做菜单
	private IAction helpSerchAction = null;
	private IAction helpDynamicAction = null;


    public ApplicationActionBarAdvisor(IActionBarConfigurer configurer) {
        super(configurer);
    }
    
    protected void makeActions(final IWorkbenchWindow window) {
        // Creates the actions and registers them.
        // Registering is needed to ensure that key bindings work.
        // The corresponding commands keybindings are defined in the plugin.xml file.
        // Registering also provides automatic disposal of the actions when
        // the window is closed.

        exitAction = ActionFactory.QUIT.create(window);
        register(exitAction);
        
        aboutAction = ActionFactory.ABOUT.create(window);
        register(aboutAction);
        
        newWindowAction = ActionFactory.OPEN_NEW_WINDOW.create(window);
        register(newWindowAction);
        
        openViewAction = new OpenViewAction(window, "Open Another Message View", View.ID);
        register(openViewAction);
        
        messagePopupAction = new MessagePopupAction("Open Message", window);
        register(messagePopupAction);
        
    	//帮助
    	helpContentAction = ActionFactory.HELP_CONTENTS.create(window);
    	register(helpContentAction);
    	helpSerchAction = ActionFactory.HELP_SEARCH.create(window);
    	register(helpSerchAction);
    	helpDynamicAction = ActionFactory.DYNAMIC_HELP.create(window);
    	register(helpDynamicAction);

    }
    
    protected void fillMenuBar(IMenuManager menuBar) {
        MenuManager fileMenu = new MenuManager("&File", IWorkbenchActionConstants.M_FILE);
        MenuManager helpMenu = new MenuManager("&Help", IWorkbenchActionConstants.M_HELP);
        
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);
        // Add a group marker indicating where action set menus will appear.
        menuBar.add(new GroupMarker(IWorkbenchActionConstants.MB_ADDITIONS));
        menuBar.add(helpMenu);
        
        // File
        fileMenu.add(newWindowAction);
        fileMenu.add(new Separator());
        fileMenu.add(messagePopupAction);
        fileMenu.add(openViewAction);
        fileMenu.add(new Separator());
        fileMenu.add(exitAction);
        
        // Help
        helpMenu.add(aboutAction);
    	helpMenu.add(helpContentAction);
    	helpMenu.add(helpSerchAction);
    	helpMenu.add(helpDynamicAction);
    }
    
    protected void fillCoolBar(ICoolBarManager coolBar) {
        IToolBarManager toolbar = new ToolBarManager(SWT.FLAT | SWT.RIGHT);
        coolBar.add(new ToolBarContributionItem(toolbar, "main"));   
        toolbar.add(openViewAction);
        toolbar.add(messagePopupAction);
    }
}

<contexts>
<context id="message">
<description>This is the sample context-sensitive help. </description>
<topic href="html/subtopic.html" label="Subtopic" />
</context>
</contexts>

	private Composite top;
	public void createPartControl(Composite parent) {
		top = new Composite(parent, SWT.NONE);
		...
	}

	public void setFocus() {
		top.setFocus();
	}

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